Formulation of the element matrices and vectors for elasticity problem > A General Formula for the Stiffness Matrix > Plane strain

This case is defined as a deformation state in which w=0 everywhere and u and v are functions of x and y but not of z. Thus,

. A typical slice of an underground tunnel that lies along the z axis might deform in essentially plane strain conditions. The constitutive matrix E for isotropic plane strain is:

		(27)

If needed,

can be obtained from the relation

after

and

are known.

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